Ka Lamphrang
Dang shen ka kynhun synrop ki ri ka pyrthei lane ka United Nations, lyngba ka tnad treikam Department of Economic and Social Affairs, kumjuh ruh ka UNESCO ki lah dep rai bad saindur ia ki mat treikam jong ki snem naduh 2022 haduh 2032 kum ki snem ban kynmmaw bad ban pynurlong ia ka jinglong ba kyrpang bad ba kynsai jong ka ktien-ka thylliej ki rit paid ("'Indigenous Community/Groups"), lane kata kaba ki khot ka ka ktien nongwei-nong-ar ka "International Decade of Indigenous Languages". Ka don ka daw kaba khraw sha lyndet balei bala shim bad buh kyrpang ban pynneh pynsah bad pynroi a ka ktien-ka thylliej ki rit paid, trai ri- trai muluk, ha kaba hangne ngan nym pashat jingmut ha kaba iadei bad kane, namar ka jingthmu jong kane ka jingthoh barit ka long ban a phylliew jingmut khyndiat bad pyrsad mynsiem a ka jinglong kyrpang ki 'Sur Tem Tynrai' lane kata kaba ki ju khot kyllum "Indigenous Music".
Kiei kita ki Indigenous Community?
Shwa ban kynthoh ha kaba iadei bad ka 'Indigenous Music' la sngewdei ban pynshai khyndiat shaphang ki 'Indigenous community'. Kine ki 'Indigenous Community' kidei kita ki rit paid trai muluk, trai ri-trai jaka ba ngi lah ban shem ia ki la kumno kumno ha ki 90 tylli ki ri ki pyrthei. Ki paid *'Indigenous Community' kat kum ka jingbuh jingkhein ka UN, mynta ki don kumba 370-500 million, kiba kren ha ki 7000 tylli ki ktien lajong, bad na kine ki 7000 tylli ki ktien, 2680 tylli mynta ki don ha ka jingma ba lah ban duhjaid noh shisyndon (on the brink of extinction). Kine ki 'Indigenous Community' ne ki rit-paid, kidei kita ki jaidbynriew lane kiba la ju tip ruh kum ki "ethnic group/community" kiba ha ka rukom im jong ki, la kumno kumno ki dang im ryngkat bad ka jingtyllun ka mariang.
Hooid bun ruh naki kiba la kylla ka niam-ka rukom, ki ba la nang la stad, kiba im kat kum ka juk thymmai, wat hapdeng kine ki jingkylla bad jing pynbud rukom nongwei, bun hi na ki kiba dang bat hi ia ka riam-ka beit, ka bam-ka dih, ka rwai-ka tem, ka put-ka siaw, ka kren-ka khana kumta ter ter. Ngin shem ruh hangne ka ri India jong, la ka long ha ki jaka pdeng ka ri India kumjuh Ki ranab lum hajan rud duriaw Arabian Sea (Deccan Plateau, Western Ghats), Ki ranab lum Mangkashang (North, Central Himalyan Region) kumjuh ruh hangne ka kyndong ka ri North East India, Ki ranab lum Mangkashang (Eastern Himalayas) naduh Arunachal wat haduh Chittagong Hills (Bangladesh), Ngin shem shibun ki rit-paid 'Indigenous Community' kiba don laka jong ka tyllong, ka thymmei bad ka deiriti- kolshor tynrai, kiba ka sorkar phareng ka la sin- ka la jer kyllum kum kita ki "Tribals".
Kaei ka Indigenous Music? (What is Indigenous Music?)
Ka kyntien 'Indigenous Music' ka thew bad kdew ia ka rukom rwai tynrai ne 'original traditional music' ki rit paid 'Indigenous community', kiba shong kylleng satlak ka pyrthei. Teng teng ngi lah ban shem ba ia kine ki rukom tem-rukom rwai tynrai la ju sin, khot bad tip ruh da kiwei ki kyrteng kum ki ethnic music' *regional music' ne 'folk music'. Ymda lah than ban pyniapher ne pynkynriah kawei na kawei pat, khamtam lei hapdeng ka folk (traditional) bad indigenous music, namar ka jing iapher ka lah ban long tang ha kaba iadei bad ki tiar tem ba pyndonkam, ka rukom rwai, ne ka rukom kynnnoh, ud ne ringsur bad ki nongrim ne ktien jingrwai (lyrics). Tang kiba puson bad pule ia ka ' music' ki kham sngewthuh bha ia kane, bad ki lah ban ai ka jingpynshai jingpynsngewthuh ba pura ia ngi lang baroh. Shwa ba ngan phylliew ki jinmgmut ha kaba iadei bad kata kaba ki khot ka "Indigenous Music" la sngewdei hangne kat kum ka bor sngewthuh jong nga ban pashat jingmut khyndiat shaphang ki tyllong jingmut bad jingmaian-maiot a kyntien 'Music' kaba kynthup a ka put-ka tem, ka rwai-ka saw ba long kdup salonsar (ontology and epistemology of music).
Ka jingkylli kaba kyrsoi ha ki jingmut jingpyrkhat bad kaba mih kalong, kaei ka music? Lane, ngi sngewthuh kumno hakaba iadei bad ka put-ka tem ka rwai-ka siaw, namar don ki jingsngewthuh ki ba long doh, tang najrong (senses) ki bym da jylliew, ba kut bad ba pynsgewbha tang shipor bad ki jingsngewthuh ki ba jylliew ki ba pyn myllung kiba shnongnia- shongkun (emotional, mental, philosophical). Ka jingsgewthuh shaphang kine ka lah ban iapher ne ia syriem, hapdeng kiba bun kiba ieid bad ki ba mad a kaka put-katem, ka rwai-ka siaw. Ha ka jingsngewthuh kaba rit jong nga, nga shem ba ka 'music' ba kadei kata ka kynja- ktien kynja-sur ba long maian, ba jylliew, basop bad ba suh thied bun ki jingmut. Ka 'music kadei kata kaba pyrsad mynsiem, ka jingkhih win ba janai bad kaba pynkhih jingmut-jingpyrkhat, pynkhih met-pynkhih phad naduh kiba rit haduh kiba heh bad kumjuh ruh ia ki tymmen- ki kro.
Lada phi don ki skhor bad phi don ka por ban pynshongnia-pynshong jingmut, phin lap ba wat ka mei mariang salonsar ka don la ki sur ba shngiam bad ba sngur, ki aim ki wanrah la ki jong ki jingrwai ha ka dur ki jingrwai-jingpyrta ki sim-ki doh, ka jingkaweh ki dieng-ki siej kumta ter ter. Wat ki wah rit, wah heh ne wah duid ki don la ki sur ba har rukom, haba ka um ka phaloh bad tuid lyngba ki synrang maw, ki tharia, ki lum-ki them. Ban pynshai khyndiat ia ki jingsngew jong nga ha kaba iadei bad kata kaba ki khot ka 'nature's music', hangne ha rum nga shniah jingmut kumne:
Ki sim bunjait ki ud-ki nam, ki rwai-ki siaw,
Ka lyer ka beh hiw-hiw, haw-haw,
Jingim ka hun, ka tngen, kam lyng-a,
Namar ka mei mariang ka rwai sngewbha.
Sha tbian ki pyntha, kumjuh ruh sha ki lum ba kynjang,
Ha khrum ki khlaw rben. Shaduh ki sla duriaw ba iar.
Don ki sur, batied, ba sawa, kum ki thied klongsnam,
U Blei najrong u kyrkhu-kyrdoh, u pynkdup ia ngi da ka mei mariang
Lada ngi puson bad pyrkhat jylliew gin shem bad sngewthuh ba ka 'music' kadei kata kaba kdup, ka ba sop- ba spain ia ngi, ia ka mariang bad ia ka haw-haw ki sahit bneng (universe) ruh. Ka 'music' kadei kata kaba, ha ka ktien nong wei-nong-ar, lah ban ong; 'music is the language of the universe', Ngin shem ia kane ka jingshisha ba wat ki stad saian khamtam na ka phang jong ka physical science ki lap bad ki kdew ba wat kita ki phngit 'atoms' ki don la ka jong ka 'frequency' haba ki shad tawiar hapoh ki dewlynnong (microscopic environment) jong kano kano ka met (matter). Ka haw-haw ki sahit bneng ne 'universe' ka tyllun katkum ki jingkhih-jingksar ba long ryntih (frequency) naduh kulong-kumah haduh ka khyllip ba mynta, ka don la ka jong ka sur-ka dur ba ka bud ryntih bin pa bin. U stad saian u ba khraw bad ba pawnam jong ka sobjek Physics, U Albert Einstein, u kynthoh kumne "Everything in life is a vibration", kaba mut ka jingim ba salonsar ka dap da ki jingkhihwin ba kyrpang, ba janai bad ba ryntih. Lehse kam long shuh kaba bakla ban ong hangne ba wat ka met jong ngi briew ki dap da kine ki jingkhihwin ki sur janai, ne ki sur ba jylliew bad ba kyrpang. Lada kam long kumta, balei pat ngi kyndeh haba ngi
iohsngew ki sur tem-sur rwai?
Kaei ka jingdonkam bad jingtreikam ka Music? (What is the function of Music?)
Lada phi wad bad pule ia kano kano ka thup jingthoh shaphang ka 'music' (music encyclopedia), phin shem shibun ki rukom rwai-put tem ba la jer bad ai kyrteng, kumban shu ai nuksa khyndiat kita kiba ngi tip kyllum kum ka classical, jazz, pop, rock, hip-hop, blues, folk, R&B, Soul, Funk, Bee Bop, Rhumba, Samba, Bossa nova, Soukous, flamenco, gypsy kumta ter ter bad kumjuh ruh a kita kiba ngi khot ki traditional bad indigenous music ba bun rukom la ka dei ha ka rukom tem ne rwai. Ka music kadon bun ki jingmut-jingmyntoi, bad ka thew, ka kdew ia kiba bun ki phang jong ka jing im briew bad ka imlang sah lang baroh kawei. Na ka liang ki stad Anthropology, ki kdew ba ka kano kano ka bynta, la ka long ha ka lehniam-leh rukom, ka put-ka tem kumta ter ter kiba iadei bad ka deiriti-kolshor ki briew ki don ar jingmut, jingthmu ne ki jingtreikam, kiba ki Anthropologist ki khot 'Latent Functions' bad 'Manifest Functions', kum ban shu kren kyllum ki jingthmu-jingtreikam (Cultural-Social functions) ba paw bad ba buhrieh.
Kano kano ka 'sur tem-sur rwai' (music) ki don la ki jong ki jingmyntoi bad jingktah (implications) la ka long ha ka imlang-sah lang bad kolshor (socio-cultural), ka synshar-khadar (political) Khaïi- pateng, iadie-iathied (economic) kumta ter ter. Nga tharai bun na ngi kiba ju sngap bad iohsngew ia ki sur jingrwai-sur tem na ri America jong ki snem 1960 kiba ngi ju khot ki 'protest songs' ki ba don ka bor wat ban pynkhyn niuhrieh ia ki bor sorkar, kine ki sur jing rwai ba ialap ia ka jingkylla, kiba kyrsiew thiah ia ki briew na ka jing shah teh mraw , kum ha Chile ha ki snem 1970 ha ba synshar donor da ki shipai Junta u Agusto Pinochet, hangne uwei na ki nogrwai ba pawnam u Victor lara uba la iap ha along ha ka kti ki shipai, u pynkhih ia ka dohnud bad mynsiem ia ki nong Chile da ki jingrwai ieid ri.
Bun kylleng ka pyrthei ngin lap kumno ki sur jingrwai ki lah ban wanrah ka jingkylla ha ka synshar khadar bad ka imlang sah lang. Naduh hyndai-hynthai, u paidbynriew satlak ka pyrthei u pyndonkam ia ki sur tem-sur rwai na ka bynta jingthmu ba har rukom, kane ka shong eh ha ka jinglong-jingman ka imlang-sah lang, ka ioh-ka kot, ka synshar-khadar, ka niam-ka rukom ter ter. Ka 'music' ka don ka bor ban pynsngew-pynsaphriang ki jingmut-jingpyrkhat (communication), ka don ka bor ban kdup bad ban spain ia ka bor pyrkhat u/ka briew, ka music kadei shisha ka kynja um dawai ne wine kaba lah ban pynkylla ia ki jingmut jingpyrkhat u/ka briew, katkum ka jinglap jong ki stad saian ba iadei bad ka bor jabieng (neurology, brain-plasticity study), ki lap ba ka 'music' ka lah ban pynkylla ia ka rukom treikam ka jabieng, ka lah ban ngam shaduh ki tyllong ba jylliew bad ba kyndong jong ka jabieng. Ka 'music' kadei ruh ka 'therapy' lane ka dawai ba pyn janai ia ka janor, ka pynwandur ia ki rukom pyrkhat -puson (perception, thought pattern). Dei namar kane ka daw ki ju ong long kiba husiar, bishar bad aid da thew khnang ba kano kano kaba ngi bsa ia ka met bad ka bor jabieng ka lah ban pynbha ne pynsniew ia ngi, kumban shu kren lyngkot, kumba ngi bam ne snap, kumta ngin long ngi pyrkhat; " we are what we eat what we listen"
Ka Indigenous music
Ha kaba iadei bad kane ka mat kumba la kdew haneng, nga tharai bun na ngi kiba lah iohsngew ia bunjaid ki sur rwai-sur tem, kiba kynthup ruh a ka 'indigenous music'. Nga kynmmaw ha ki snem 1990 ha ki por ba nga dang pule, kadei ka sien ba nyngkong eh ba ngan ioh sngap ia kita ki 'indigenous music' kiba la pyllait bad die paitbah ha ki cassette tape da ka HMV company, dei lyngba kine ki cassette nga ioh ban sngap ia ki sur tem-sur rwai Flamenco na Spain, Celtic music na ri Bilat, Mali music na North Africa, Soukous na Congo Africa, Andean Music na dewbah South America, Gamelan music na Indonesia Java , Cajun music na Louisiana, Florida USA bad kiwei kiwei de. Kine ki sur tem-sur rwai ki pynktik ia ka jingmut jingpyrkhat, ki pyni iaka jing riewspah, jingstad u paidbyllien ka pyrthei ha ka liang ka ka put-ka tem, ka rwai ka siaw. Ka long shisha kaei kaei kaba pynsgewbha ban iohsngew ia ki sur rwai- sur tem ba har rukom kiba iadei bad ka jingim ka deiriti ne kolshor jong ki. Ki pyni ia kata kaba ki khot ka "cultural diversity".
Haba kren kyllum ka 'indigenous music' kadei kata ka sur rwai-sur tem tynrai kaba don jing iadei bad ka kmen-ka sngewbha, ka iap- ka im, ka rep- ka riang, ka khein aiom-samoi, ka rynsan ban thaw bad iathuh khana, ba ka jinglong-jingman ba man ka sngi jong ka jingim ki riew rit paid *indigenous community' hapdeng ka jingkylla jong ka pyrthei bad ka jingiadei ba marjan jong ki bad ka mei mariang-mei-ri sawkun. Ha ka jingshisha, ka 'indigenous music' ne sur rwai-sur tem tynrai, ka don la ki jong ki jingthmu ba iadei katkum ka deiriti ne kolshor jong kano kano ka jaid bynriew 'ethnic group/community'. Ki sur rwai-sur tem tynrai ki don la ki jong ki rukom tem ne rwai wat ha ka rukom kynud ne ringsur haba iap, ne haba shong kurim, ha ka knia- ka khriam, ha ba ialeh sngewbha, ne haba don kano kano ka jingkylla ba sinew ne ba bha. Ka 'indigenous music' ne sur rwai- sur tem tynrai kadei shisha kata ka rynsan ha kaba kano kano ka jaid bynriew rit paid "indigenous community" ka kdup lang a baroh ha kaba iadei ban sam a ki khana-ki puriskam, bad ban bteng ia u sohpet ka jingialong kawei jong kano kano ka jaid bynriew.
Ka 'Indigenous music' ka teh-ka khum bad ka kdup iaka mynsiem bad ia ka maian long briew- man briew jong ki rit paid (indigenous community), kadei kata ka kynjri ba bteng ia u ne ka briew sha ki thymmei, ka niam ka rukom, ki dustur bad ka jingim ba man ka sngi. Ngi kum ki Khasi gin shem ruh ha lade, wat kiba la kylla ka niam-ka rukom, shisien ba ngi iohsngew ba riew ka ksing-ka dhah, ka tangmuri, ka bisli katno ka mynsiem ka shlei-ka dap bad ka tied dik dik, long kumba ka tan a ngi sha u sai sohpet-sai jutang ba la seng, bad bala suit-la shor daki longshuwa-manshuwa, ha ka juh ka por ka wan ka jingsngew ieid ri ieid jaidbynriew ba pynlung mynsiem ba shit rhem.
Ka "indigenous music" kadei kawei na ki mawbyrsiew jong kano kano ka jaid ka kynja, la ka long ha ki ja khlaw ba rben ka ri Congo Africa, ki lum bah Andes ha dew bah America, ki jaka ba kyndong ka ri Mongolia, ki jaka shaphang shatei ka ri America, ka ri Russia, Siberia kumta ter ter , ngin lap ba haduh mynta mynne dang don kita ki rit paid ( indigenous community) ha kaba phin iohsngew ia ki sur rwai-tem tynrai kiba pynsgew ha ngi ia ka jinglong-jingman, jingud-jingnam, jingkmen-jing sngewbha, ki khanatang-ki puriskam kiba teh ba khum, sop- spain ia ka deiriti-kolshor jong ki.
Ka 'indigenous music' ka long kum u sai-sohpet ba bteng a ka deiriti-kolshor, ka mei mariang bad ia ka niam ka rukom. Lada ka mei-mariang ka jot ka pra, kumta ruh ka deiriti-kolshor bad ka niam ka rukom kan pharia kan sakma. Kumban shu kren kyllum, lada duh noh ka "natural diversity" kane ruh kan ktah ia ka "cultural diversity", kaba kynthup ka rwai-ka tem ki sur
tynrai.
Ha kaba kut la sngew dei ruh ia ngi shane ka ri Khasi-Jaintia, ba ngi donkam ban pynkhie im, sumar-sukher bad pynneh-pynsah a ka mei-mariang, ki riti-ki dustur, ka put-ka tem ka rwai- ka siaw. Ngi donkam ban sngewthuh haei ngi ieng, kaei ka nongrim jong ngi, shaei ngin jam, ngim lah ban shu ia beh kyrthep ia kaba dei jong kiwei , kum ki pukni iaknieh doh pyut ne ki ksew bna lat. Ngi donkam ban pdiang ia ka jingkylla ka por (social, economic, technological changes) bad khlem da klet pat ne leh jyndet a la ka jong. Kumba kynthoh uwei u nong Japan ba la paw pyrthei ha ka kam thain kriah- thain shang da ki siej, u ong kumne, ha kaba iadei kumno ban pdiang ia kaba thymmai bad khlem da ibein ne klet la ka nongrim tynrai; "Tradition is about innovation", ha i jingsngewthuh barit jong nga, kaba mut kumne, ngi dei ban pdiang ia kaba thymmai da ka jing long adkar bad thew nujor bin pa bin, ngim dei ban jynrat a ki thied ka thymmei la jong hynrei ngi donkam kumno ban pynwandur, oh-shrong tang ia ki tnad ne sla. Ha ka ktien nongwei " we need to keep our tradition with a careful dose of innovation, we must not remove the roots, but we can prune the leaves and branches".
To U Blei un Kyrkhu Kyrdoh ia ngi baroh lang!
Khublei Shibun.
Ka long kaba sngewtynnad shibun ba na ngi kiba tip shaphang ka rwai ka siaw, ka tem ka put ki noh synñiang sha ka page da ki artikl kiba la pynwandur sani bha. ✍️📚 Khublei Shibun @ubadtmar3 na ka bynta kane ka jingphylliew jingmut jong phi shaphang ka rwai ka tem tynrai. Bun na ki mat kiba phi la thir jingmut ki long kiba donkam bha! 😄🙏 🎶🎵 I Ubahunlang Dkhar Tmar i dei i nongrwai, nongthaw jingrwai bad nongtem ba tbit. I don ha ka kynhun "Shalyntem" kaba dei ka kynhun cycling kaba shitrhem ha Shillong. I Bah Ubahunlang i trei i ktah kum u Assistant Professor ha ka Department of Geography, St. Mary's College, Shillong. Ka specialisation jong i ka dei ka Human Geography.